Russia and islam algis prazauskas vytautas magnus university. The last successful attempt to create an independent nation in xinjiang was made at. Pan turkism is part of wikiproject central asia, a project to improve all central asiarelated articles. During world war ii, the revival of panslavism under joseph stalin and the russian threat to turkish autonomy brought a renewed, though slight, interest in panturkism among some turks. Pan turkism is a movement which emerged during the 1880s among turkic intellectuals of russian region of shirvan present day republic of azerbaijan and the ottoman empire modern day turkey, with its aim being the cultural and political unification of all turkic peoples. It was popular mainly among intellectuals and developed from a. This view continued to be the official soviet position on pan turkism until the end of the soviet union. The last successful attempt to create an independent nation in xinjiang was made at the end of the world war ii. According to pan turkist advocates, turkic peoples have certain characteristics in common, such as related languages, a supposedly common descent and common history, and cultural traditions. Discussing muslim confrontation with the west as the principal organizing theme for interpreting modern central asian politics. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel.
Tsarist russia and soviet viewpoint on panturkism generally, the concept of turkism was interpreted by tsarist russian circles as overwhelmingly political, irredentist and aggressive. If unchecked, pan turanianism may become as dangerous to international peace and stability as islamic fundamentalism has became today. Also, i am not exactly turkic myselfi am partly one of tatars, i guess it counts, i come from a turkic country, from kazakhstan. Panturkism, political movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which had as its goal the political union of all turkishspeaking peoples in the ottoman empire, russia, china, iran, and afghanistan. Islam, nationalism and state in the muslim caucasus. This article aims to discuss and analyse the major factors behind the emergence and evolution of eurasia as a geopolitical concept in turkey in the postcold war period. Gasprinsky felt panturkism should be confined to cultural affairs while.
According to a nationwide survey conducted in 2012, muslims in russia numbered 9,400,000 or 6. General turkes, pan turkism and the plot to destabilize. In the most extreme form writers envision a new turkish empire spreading over the. A term of european origin, panislamism denotes the intellectual and institutional trends toward islamic unity that emerged among muslim peoples, starting in the mid nineteenth century and continuing throughout the twentieth century. In this respect, i will show how ideologies of pan islam, pan turkism and the reforms carried out through the jadid movement supported identity formation and affected central asia including. Panturkism, turkey, and the muslim peoples of the former. The tajik people came under russian rule in the 1860s.
Pan islamism, however, had served a very different political purpose under the ottomans. Panturkism and panislamism as underlying ideologies was obviously perceived in a negative light not only by china, but also the ussr. It was not until much later that panturkism and panarabism appeared on the political horizon and, even then. Islam, nationalism and state in the muslim caucasus request pdf. It has to be noted that the russian empire did take a number of important steps to mitigate the threat of pan turkism. Panturkism can be defined as a movement that emerged in 1880s among the turkic intellectuals of the russian empire and ottoman empire, with the aim of cultural and political unification of all turkic peoples. Turanism is a closely related movement but a more general term than turkism, since turkism applies only to turkic peoples. Panturkism has gone through phasesfrom the balkanstyle irredentism of panturkist writers in the late ottoman and early republic period, to a latent stage between roughly 1923 and 1943, and then to a growing resurgence of the ideas since. Panturkism in turkey and in central asia during the twentieth century 3 uniting the muslim population in one ideology. Landau appears to have consulted every conceivable source, including archives and collections. Cambridge, harvard university press, 1960 ocolc600054744 online version. For the russianist in istanbul and the ottomanist in. Panturkism, while panislamism did not gain many adherents.
This includes but is not limited to afghanistan, kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, mongolia, tajikistan, tibet, turkmenistan, uzbekistan, xinjiang and central asian portions of iran, pakistan and russia, regionspecific topics, and anything else related to central asia. It was with great delight that i read of jacob landaus book pan turkism. Medieval russia s epics, chronicles and tales, new medieval russia s epics, chronicles and tales, new shamil, 3rd imam of dagestan 2,010 words view diff exact match in snippet view article find links to article. The movement, which began among the turks in crimea and on the volga, initially sought to. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Panturkism is a movement which emerged during the 1880s among turkic intellectuals of. Panturkism and islam in russia volume 36 of russian research center studies volume 36 of harvard university. Panturkism 5,396 words exact match in snippet view article find links to article hunter, shireen.
On publication it was welcomed as a work useful both for reference and reading. Pan turanianism is a racialist movement that not only threatens iran, but greece, armenia, russia, ukraine and even to a more limited extent china. It seemed to promise a comprehensive look at a subject that had once, 35 years ago, appealed to me as exotic, but in todays changed, postsoviet world, become immediate and apropos. Panturanianism, also called panturanism, late 19th and early 20thcentury movement to unite politically and culturally all the turkic, tatar, and uralic peoples living in turkey and across eurasia from hungary to the pacific.
If alafghani was the father of pan islamist thought, ottoman sultans were the first to implement pan islamism as official state policy, a policy with imperialist, not nationalist, goals. In addition, the book is useful to students of pannationalism and nationalism, for landau also expertly places all his information into. Panturkism international encyclopedia of the first world. It is my sincere hope that this article will draw attention to panturanian ideologues and allow questions to be raised as to their ambitions, especially in iranian azerbaijan and the caucasus.
Landau, there is a clear distinction between panturkism and panturanism. On publication it was welcomed as a work useful for both reference and reading. Nordicismnazism, persian chauvenism, panarabism, pankurdism, panturkism, etc. Panturkism and islam in russia 903 oxford academic. Russians and a general sympathy for the captive turks of the ussr which often amounts to little more than romantic panturkism.
In the 1920s and 30s, kemal ataturk deemphasized panturkism, instead encouraging turkish nationalism within turkey. Pan turkism is the name given to the idea of uniting all turkicspeaking peoples of the caucasus, the volgaural region, the crimea, western and central asia under the aegis of a greater turkish state. Panturkism 5,444 words exact match in snippet view article find links to article hunter, shireen. In 1924 tajikistan became an autonomous soviet socialist republics of the soviet union, the tajik assr, within uzbekistan.
Turkey and the turkic republics after the dissolution of the soviet union, central asia and azerbaijan became a key arena of competition between global and regional powers in eurasia. Zenkovsky, pan turkism and islam in russia cambridge, ma. Like pan islam, pan turkism was used by the young turks as a basic means of propaganda in their effort to draw turkey into a war with russia. Both the soviets and the turkish republic, which was established in 1923, officially shunned pan turkism and considered it a harmful form of adventurism. First published in 1970, the cambridge history of islam is the most comprehensive and ambitious collaborative survey of islamic history and civilisation yet to appear in english. Pan turkism and pan islamism as underlying ideologies was obviously perceived in a negative light not only by china, but also the ussr. The basic political identity and aspiration were islamic, and panislamism was the first and natural response to pangermanism and panslavism. Panturkism originated at the turn of the 20th century and evolved as an outgrowth of turkism, an early form of turkish. Oct 30, 2017 pan turkism is the nationalist ideology that emphasizes the common ethnic, cultural, and linguistic roots of turkic peoples living across eurasia. Islam is russia s second most widely professed religion. The russian empire and pan turkism it is also clear that the russian empire was the largest barrier for pan turkists. The evolution of eurasia as a geopolitical concept in.
The moving wall represents the time period between the last issue available in jstor and the most recently published issue of a journal. Enver pasha and the basmachi rebellion uq espace university. From irredentism to cooperation, and with anticipation that i ordered it. Oct 30, 2017 misleading to consider pan turkism as its official policy. Central asian studies world wide course syllabi for the. Although, i cannot speak for the whole kazakh nation or any other, i dont think any kind of panturkism is possible. Its name is derived from turan, the persian word for turkistan i.
The return of islam bernard lewis, commentary magazine. This book delineates the special relationship between the new republics and turkey, which has altered the essence of pan turkism from militant irredentism to practical solidarity in matters political, economic, and cultural. A recurring theme in all this speculation is the resurgence of panturkism. Pan turanianism takes aim at azerbaijan iran politics club. Soviet muslim emigres in the republic of turkey dtic. Azerbaijanis have spoken turkish since the advent of history.
On publication it was welcomed as a work useful for both reference and reading, for the general reader, student and specialist alike. Pan turkism in turkey and in central asia during the twentieth century 3 uniting the muslim population in one ideology. Panturanianism political movement, turkey britannica. Panturkism is the nationalist ideology that emphasizes the common ethnic, cultural, and linguistic roots of turkic peoples living across eurasia. Russian research center studies harvard university. Postarab spring dynamics have added new levels of complexity to the securitisation of islam, specifically for russia and its relations with the north caucasus in particular, and with the wider. The most important supporter of pan turkism in cup was enver pasha 18811922, the minister of war from 1914 to 1918. What clearly emerges is that key figures such as akcura and gasprinskii did not aspire to an independent turkic state but. A disaster for the aboriginals of eastem europe judaism in relation to christianity and islam judeokhazaria and russia the jews and the nomads. Zenkovsky, panturkism and islam in russia cambridge, ma.
The movement, which began among the turks in crimea and on the volga, initially sought to unite the turks of the ottoman and russian empires against the growing russian tsarist domination. Leaders espousing panturkism fled from russia to istanbul, where a strong panturkic. Muslims of russia, isolated and forgotten by the rest of the muslim. Panturanianism is a racialist movement that not only threatens iran, but greece, armenia, russia, ukraine and even to a more limited extent china. What do turkic nations kazakh, uzbek, turkmen, kyrgyz. Panturkism is part of wikiproject central asia, a project to improve all central asiarelated articles. However, the populations of two federal subjects with islamic majorities were not surveyed due to social unrest, which together had a population of nearly 2 million, namely chechnya and ingushetia, thus the total. Developed as a social and political movement among the turkicmuslim peoples of the russian empire, the ideology had significant impact on ottoman intellectuals and policymakers in the early 20 th century. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search.
Azarbaijan the name of azarbaijan has been one of the most renowned geographical names of iran since 2000 years ago. Between 1864 and 1885 russia gradually took control of the entire territory of russian turkestan, the tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the emirate of bukhara and khanate of kokand from todays border with kazakhstan in the north to the caspian sea in the west and the border with afghanistan in the south. Panturkism a nationalistic, chauvinist bourgeois ideology, which claims that all peoples speaking turkic languages, and the muslim turks in particular, are one nation and should unite to form a single state under the aegis of turkey. Greater azerbaijan was divided between russia and persia. Pan turkism article about pan turkism by the free dictionary. The role of turkic and islamic factors for current kazakhstani identity formation 67 though the kazakhs were not the most active panturkist group in late 19th early 20th centuries as, say, volga and crimean tatars or azeris were they, still, have given such notable figures as mustafa shoqayev 18901941, who had set up and.
The panislamic model had advantages, but muslim populations were under colonial rule which. Tiret was eventually abolished owing mainly to the intervention of the ussr. Panottomanism to panturkism, the turkish yearbook of. Pan turkism, political movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which had as its goal the political union of all turkishspeaking peoples in the ottoman empire, russia, china, iran, and afghanistan. The emergence of panturkism in russia panturkism in the ottoman empire world war i.
It has to be noted that the russian empire did take a number of important steps to mitigate the threat of panturkism. If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box. Access to society journal content varies across our titles. If unchecked, panturanianism may become as dangerous to international peace and stability as islamic fundamentalism has became today. It is my sincere hope that this article will draw attention to pan turanian ideologues and allow questions to be raised as to their ambitions, especially in iranian azerbaijan and the caucasus. Panturkism is a movement which emerged during the 1880s among turkic intellectuals of russian region of shirvan present day republic of azerbaijan and the ottoman empire modern day turkey, with its aim being the cultural and political unification of all turkic peoples. Jun 28, 2011 1967 shelby gt500 barn find and appraisal that buyer uses to pay widow price revealed duration. Among muslims, the major intellectual movement was. There were, nevertheless, some important exceptions to these generalizations. In 19161917, russian armies managed to capture ottoman provinces in northeastern anatolia, but the russian advance came to a halt after the revolutions of 1917. First published in 1970, the cambridge history of islam is the most comprehensive and ambitious collaborative survey of islamic history and civilization yet to appear in english. Pan turkism was also actively propagandized by certain bourgeois nationalist parties and movements in middle asia and transcaucasia jadidism, for example, which endeavored to distract the workers from. In this respect, i will show how ideologies of panislam, panturkism and the reforms carried out through the jadid movement supported identity formation and affected central asia including.
Pan turkism, turkey, and the muslim peoples of the former soviet union. The basmachi revolt broke out in the wake of the russian revolution of 1917 and was quelled in the early 1920s during the russian civil war. The international pan islamic communist party of proletarian islam and the whole of the proletarian islamic camp denounces and condemns the racist white nationalist attack on the alnoor mosque and linwood islamic centre in christchurch new zealand which led to the death of 50 muslims during the friday jummah prayer services the perpetrator an australian white nationalist by the name of. Panturkism and islam in russia paperback october 15, 2011 by serge alexander zenkovsky author see all 3 formats and editions hide other formats and editions. The definition might be easily perceived as irredentism but as noted by jacob m. Pan turkism 5,396 words exact match in snippet view article find links to article hunter, shireen. Cambridge, harvard university press, 1960 ocolc608306921. Three major insights that one can derive from this book are particularly significant and worth emphasizing for reassessing the origins of panturkism. The russian empire and panturkism it is also clear that the russian empire was the largest barrier for panturkists. General turkes, pan turkism and the plot to destabilize the.
The need for a unified islamic identity was a product of the challenges posed by western intervention in and domination of muslim societies. Panturanianism, late 19th and early 20thcentury movement to unite politically and culturally all the turkic, tatar, and uralic peoples living in turkey and across eurasia from hungary to the pacific. For the russianist in istanbul and the ottomanist in russia. Jul 21, 2017 also, i am not exactly turkic myselfi am partly one of tatars, i guess it counts, i come from a turkic country, from kazakhstan. Panturkism, turkey, and the muslim peoples of the former soviet union. In rare instances, a publisher has elected to have a zero moving wall, so their current issues are available. A recurring theme in all this speculation is the resurgence of pan turkism.
343 1194 251 612 951 1300 236 354 560 295 678 1344 271 660 1482 808 740 1526 1496 944 189 991 476 874 434 249 321 94 303 1286 979 637 133 1230 483 752 254 1061